Editing Suspension: designs, shapes, sizes (section)
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===Leaf spring and solid axle=== Otherwise know as Hotchkiss suspension. This arrangement is most commonly used in 4x4 vehicles and very old cars. The concept here is that two parallel leaf springs are attached longitudinally to the frame. One end of the leaf spring must have a shackle which acts as a pivot and allows the spring to change in length while compressing or rebounding. The center of the leaf springs are attached to the axle typically with U-bolts. The springs also act as a lateral locator for the suspension, though a Panhard bar can be added for more lateral stability. Many vintage cars and trucks incorporated a single transverse leaf spring in their suspension system.
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